GMAT官方OG逻辑题目解析完整版八

2022-06-09 19:17:29

  GMAT是研究生管理科学入学考试,考试内容主要包含了写作、数学和语文部分。在备考之前先了解GMAT官方指南逻辑题目解析,对同学们备考效率的提升和考试成绩的提高都是有很大帮助的。下面是雅思小编给同学们收集整理的GMAT官方指南逻辑题目解析完整版,相信对同学们的备考是有很大作用的。

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  GMAT OG逻辑题目解析第二十二题

  Debater: The average amount of overtime per month worked by anemployee in the manufacturing division of the Haglut Corporation is 14 hours. Mostemployees of the Haglut Corporation work in the manufacturing division. Furthermore,the average amount of overtime per month worked by any employee in the companygenerally does not fluctuate much from month to month. Therefore, each month,most employees of the Haglut Corporation almost certainly work at least someovertime.

  讨论者: H公司制造部门的员工平均每个月加班的量是14个小时。大多数H公司的员工在制造部门工作。此外,公司工作的任何一个员工每个月加班的量通常在月与月之间通常没有波动。因此,在每一个月当中,H公司大多数的员工差不多都必定加班工作至少一些时间。

  The debater’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which ofthese grounds?

  讨论者的论证基于下列哪个理由最容易受到批评者攻击?

  (A) Ittakes for granted that the manufacturing division is a typical division of thecorporation with regard to the average amount of overtime its employees workeach month.

  它想当然地认为制造部门是一个典型的公司部门,这个部门考虑了员工每月加班时间。

  (B) Ittakes for granted that if a certain average amount of overtime is worked eachmonth by each employee of the Haglut Corporation, then approximately the sameamount of overtime must be worked each month by each employee of themanufacturing division.

  它想当然地认为如果H公司员工在每月加班某一个平均的量,那么近似相同的加班量一定会被制造部门员工每月所加班。

  (C) Itconfuses a claim from which the argument’s conclusion about the HaglutCorporation would necessarily follow with a claim that would follow from theargument’s conclusion only with a high degree of probability.

  它混淆了关于这个公司所必要得出的结论和关于这个公司只有很高可能性得出的结论

  (D) It overlooksthe possibility that even if, on average, a certain amount of overtime isworked by the members of some group, many members of that group may work noovertime at all.

  它忽略了那种可能性,即使某个小组成员加班了一定量的时间,那个小组的很多成员也可能一点都没有加班。

  (E) Itoverlooks the possibility that even if most employees of the corporation worksome overtime each month, any one corporate employee may in some month, work noovertime.

  它忽略了那种可能性,即使大多数公司的员工都会在每个月加班,任何一个公司员工可能在一些月份当中没有加班。

  【解析】

  本题目根据问题,可以确定是一道缺陷题,即正确答案应当指出文章论证过程当中的缺陷在哪里。正确答案为D选项,文章论证忽略了在某一个特殊月份H公司大多数员工都没有加班的可能性。

  GMAT OG逻辑题目解析第二十三题

  Exposure to certain chemicals commonly usedin elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions insome children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportionof schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to thosechemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore,either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of thechemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were tenyears ago.

  暴露在某种化学物质,这种化学物质是通常被小学使用作为清洁剂或杀虫剂的,暴露在这种化学物质中会导致过敏反应在一些小孩子身上。Renston的小学护理员报道说:送到他们那里治疗这种化学物质过敏反应的学校孩子的比例已经增长得非常明显在过去的十年当中。因此,要么就是Renston的学校孩子已经比起十年前的学校孩子被暴露在了更大量的化学物质之中,要么就是他们这些孩子比起十年前的孩子更加对这种化学物质敏感。

  Which of the following is an assumption onwhich the argument depends?

  下列哪一个选项是文章论证所依赖的假设?

  (A)Thenumber of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has notdecreased over the past ten years.

  被Renston小学所雇佣的学校护理员的数量没有下降在过去的十年当中。

  (B)Childrenwho are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children tohave allergies to other substances.

  对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能,比起其他的孩子,没有更加可能对其他的物质过敏。

  (C)Childrenwho have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent toa school nurse now than they were ten years ago.

  对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能被送到学校护理员那里在现在比起十年以前。

  (D)Thechemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses andapartment buildings in Renston.

  这种化学物质没有更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在房子和公寓建筑当中在Renston地区。

  (E)Childrenattending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’spopulation now than they did ten years ago.

  上小学的孩子们没有构成一个更大的比例在Renston人口当中,现在比起十年前。

  【解析】

  文章中Therefore之前为文章的premise,Therefore之后为文章的main conclusion。从问题中得知本题为假设题目,而假设题目的解题方法为取非削弱。下面进行每一个选项的分析。

  将A选项取非后为“Renston小学中护理员的数量在过去十年当中下降了”,这与文章的main conclusion之间没有直接的因果作用,可以作为无关项予以排除。因此排除。

  将B选项取非后为“对这种化学物质过敏的孩子更可能比别的孩子对于其他物质过敏”,首先,此选项中的比较对象与文章中发生变化;其次,文章中只讨论对于“这种化学物质”的过敏,而不讨论对于“其他物质”的过敏。因此排除。

  将C选项取非后为“对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子比起十年前更加有可能被送到学校护理员那里”,这样一来,也就不能说明学校孩子被暴露在更大量的化学物质当中,也不可能说明孩子们比起十年前更加对这种化学物质过敏。削弱文章的论证过程以及文章的main conclusion,因此为正确答案。

  将D选项取非后为“这种化学物质更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在Renston的房子和公寓建筑当中”,文章中讨论的地点范围是“小学”,而非“房子和公寓建筑”;其次,取非后对文章的main conclusion反而有支持的作用。因此排除。

  将E选项取非后为“现在上小学的孩子比起十年前在Renston人口占了更大的比例”,对于文章而言属于无关选项。

  GMAT OG逻辑题目解析第二十四题

  Normally, the pineal gland governs a person’ssleep-wake cycle by secreting melatonin in response to the daily cycle of lightand darkness as detected by the eye. Nonetheless, many people who are totallyblind due to lesions in the visual cortex of the brain easily maintain a24-hour sleep-wake cycle. So the neural pathway by which the pineal glandreceives information from the eye probably does not pass through the visualcortex.

  正常情况下,松果腺控制着一个人的睡眠-觉醒循环,通过分泌褪黑激素应对眼睛所察觉到的明暗循环。然而,很多由于大脑中视觉皮层受到伤害而导致完全失明的人却很容易维持24小时的睡眠-觉醒循环。所以,松果腺从眼睛接受信息的神经通路很有可能不通过大脑中的视觉皮层。

  For purposes of evaluating the argument itwould be most useful to establish which of the following?

  为了评价上述论证,建立下列哪项将会最有用?

  (A) Whether melatonin supplements help peoplewho have difficulty maintaining a 24-hour sleep cycle to establish such apattern

  是否褪黑激素的补充帮助那些很难维持24小时睡眠循环的人建立这样的模式?

  (B) Whether the melatonin levels of mosttotally blind people who successfully maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cyclechange in response to changes in exposure to light and darkness

  是否大部分成功维持24小时睡眠-觉醒循环的盲人的褪黑激素的水平会随着明暗产生变化?

  (C) Whether melatonin is the only substancesecreted by the pineal gland

  是否褪黑激素是松果腺产生的唯一物质?

  (D) Whether most people who do not have a24-hour sleep-wake cycle nevertheless have a cycle of consistent duration

  是否大部分没有这样循环的人但拥有一个恒定持续期的循环?

  (E) Whether there are any people with normalvision whose melatonin levels respond abnormally to periods of light anddarkness

  是否有任何一个拥有正常视觉的人,他的褪黑激素的水平会随着明暗不正常的变化?

  【解析】

  这是一篇argument文章,而且是现象解释型结构。现象是:盲人也能维持24小时的睡眠-觉醒循环,解释是:松果腺从眼睛接受信息的神经通路很有可能不通过大脑中的视觉皮层。

  这样的文章结构,正确答案应该要和文章中提到的这个现象高度相关。

  A我们不关心那些很难维持24小时睡眠-觉醒循环的人,排除

  B对其进行yes的回答,对文章有削弱的作用,对其进行NO的回答,对文章有加强的作用,是个正确答案

  C和文章中的现象无关,排除

  D我们不关心没有这样循环的人,排除

  E和文章的现象无关,排除

  GMAT OG逻辑题目解析第二十五题

  Vargonia has just introduced a legalrequirement that student-teacher ratios in government-funded schools not exceeda certain limit. All Vargonian children are entitled to education, free ofcharge, in these schools. When a recession occurs and average incomes fall, thenumber of children enrolled in government-funded schools tends to increase.Therefore, though most employment opportunities contract in economicrecessions, getting a teaching job in Vargonia’s government-funded schools willnot be made more difficult by a recession.

  Vargonia刚推出了一个法规,要求在政府资助的学校中学生-老师的比例不超过某个限制。所有的Vargonia孩子都有资格免费在这些学校中学习。当经济出现衰退时,平均收入下降,入学政府资助学校的孩子的数量有上升趋势。因此,尽管大部分就业机会在衰退时会减少,但是得到一个在政府资助学校教课的工作在衰退期并不会更加困难。

  Which of the following would be mostimportant to determine in order to evaluate the argument?

  下列哪个选项对于评价这个论证最重要?

  Whether in Vargonia there are any schoolsnot funded by the government that offer children an education free of chrge

  是否在Vargonia有不是政府资助的但免费让孩子接受教育的学校?

  Whether the number of qualified applicantsfor teaching positions in government-funded schools increases significantlyduring economic recessions

  是否有资格获得在政府资助学校教课的申请者数量在衰退期增加的非常多?

  What the current student-teacher ratio inVargonia’s government-funded school is

  现在在Vargonia这个地方的政府资助的学校中学生教师的比例是多少?

  What proportion of Vargonia’s workerscurrently hold jobs as teachers in government-funded schools

  在Vargonia这个地方老师占所有工人的比例是多少?

  Whether in the past a number ofgovernment-funded schools in Vargonia have had student-teacher ratios well inexcess of the new limit

  是否在过去的Vargonia有政府资助的学校中学生老师的比例超过了规定的限制?

  【解析】

  文章是一个argument,前提结论型结构。前提是:经济衰退时,政府资助的学校入学的孩子数量上升,结论是:在经济衰退时,在政府资助的学校得到教课的工作不会变得更困难。

  正确答案要围绕工作是否更加困难展开

  A我们不关心不是政府资助的学校,排除

  B对这个选项进行YES的回答,对文章有削弱的作用,进行NO的回答,对文章有加强的作用,是个正确答案。

  C我们不关心现在的师生比例如何,只关心找工作的困难程度,排除

  D我们不关心现在的老师工人比例如何,无关选项,排除

  E我们不关心是否有学校超过规定的限制,排除。

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