Test 1
Section 6
1. A recent report indicates that sleep-deprived drivers caused more than 100,000 accidents last year, they fall asleep at the level.
(A) year, they fall
(B) year, and they fall
(C) year by falling
(D) year and falling
(E) year, they were falling
2. The depths of the Arctic Ocean are hard to study, mainly because the icy surface is being difficult to penetrate using current techniques.
(A) to study, mainly because the icy surface is being
(B) to study as a result of the icy surface, mainly, is
(C) to study, mainly because the icy surface is
(D) studying, mainly from the icy surface being
(E) studying, mainly resulting from the icy surface being
3. Several of the forest fires that occurred last summer which were because people are careless.
(A) which were because people are careless
(B) were caused by human carelessness
(C) because people are careless
(D) are because of human carelessness
(E) happened from people being careless
4. Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.
(A) has disproved
(B) having disproved
(C) disproved
(D) disproves
(E) disproving
5. We generally think of Canada as the northern neighbor of the United States, and more than half of the states extend farther north than Canada’s southernmost point.
(A) States, and more than half of the states extend
(B) States, and it is the case that more than half of the states extend
(C) States, but more than half of the states extending
(D) States, whereas more than half of the states are extending
(E) States; however, more than half of the states extend
6. The three volumes of memories by Wole Soyinka begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminate with his years at the University of Ibadan, one of the best universities in West Africa.
(A) begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminate
(B) that begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminate
(C) have begun with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminating
(D) beginning with his childhood in a Nigerian village and culminating
(E) are begun as a child in a Nigerian village and culminate
7. Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide as she distributed maps for a walking tour of central Canberra.
(A) Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, it reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
(B) Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform, the efficient manner of the tour guide was reflected
(C) Dressed in a crisp, clean uniform that reflected the efficient manner of the tour guide
(D) The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide reflected her efficient manner
(E) The crisp, clean uniform of the tour guide, a reflection of her efficient manner
8. A cure for some kinds of cancer, scientists believe, may be found within the next decade.
(A) scientists believe, may be
(B) scientists believe they may be
(C) being maybe, in the belief of some scientists,
(D) there are some scientist who believe it may be
(E) which, some scientists believe, may be
9. A review of the composer’s new symphony called it confusing because of its unusual structure, and its melodious final movement makes it elegant.
(A) structure, and its melodious final movement makes it elegant
(B) structure, although elegant by having its melodious final movement
(C) structure, and it is elegant with its melodious final movement
(D) structure while having a melodious final movement that make it elegant
(E) structure but elegant because of its melodious final movement
10. By building new windmill farms, consumption of fossil fuels are reduced, and tons of carbon dioxide emissions are kept out of the atmosphere.
(A) By building new windmill farms, consumption of fossil fuels are reduced, and tons of carbon dioxide emissions are kept
(B) By building new windmill farms, it reduces consumption of fossil fuels, and tons of carbon dioxide emissions are kept
(C) Building new windmill farms reduces fossil fuel consumption and keeps tons of carbon dioxide emissions
(D) When new windmill farms are built, they reduce fossil fuel consumption, and it keeps tons of carbon dioxide emissions
(E) New windmill farms, when built, reduce fossil fuel consumption, and also tons of carbon dioxide emissions are kept
11. The famous battle depicted in the film Braveheart took place in northern England, and many people assume that it was the Scottish Highlands.
(A) and many people assume that it was
(B) many people assuming
(C) but many people assume it to be
(D) not what many people assume
(E) not, as many people assume, in
12. Interested in studying (A) insects and their effects on agriculture, Larissa and Tariq plan to become (B) an entomologist (C) and then return to help (D) the farmers in their small town. No error (E)
13. From (A) about A.D. 700 to 1600, sculptors created (B) nearly (C) 1,000 colossal rock statues on the remote (D) and tiny Easter Island. No error (E)
14. Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly badly (A) as it baked, the food science teacher came over to ask us what (B) we had put (C) in it.(D) No error (E)
15. Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbooks while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used it (D) in the past. No error (E)
16. As he eagerly (A) awaited the interview for (B) the job, Miguel thought it wise (C) suppressing (D) his nervousness and to display a calm he did not feel. No error (E)
17. According to (A) educational statistics, the average age of college students has risen (B) quite noticeable (C) over the past (D) 25 years. No error (E)
18. Neither the koala bear or (A) the red panda belongs to (B) the bear family; the koala is a marsupial, and the red panda is (C) thought to be related to (D)the raccoon. No error (E)
19. Before boarding, (A) passengers must purchase (B) his or her (C) tickets in the main concourse of the bus terminal because (D) tickets are not sold on the bus. No error (E)
20. According to (A) some demographers, the number of United States citizens aged 65 or older (B) is (C) likely to rise (D) to 87 million by 2050. No error (E)
21. When they were asked (A) to compare Norman Rockwell's paintings to painter Robert Rauschenberg, (B) the students entered into (C) a prolonged (D) discussion about the representation of reality in art. No error (E)
22. Contrary to what (A) many people believe, heat lightning is not lightning (B) caused by heat; it is ordinary lightning that occurs at too great a distance (C) for its accompanying thunder to be audible. (D) No error (E)
23. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each (A) trailed by (B) a poison thread, is released (C) when (D) the animal is threatened. No error
24. The derelict old house across from (A) the warehouses and the even more (B) decrepit one just beside (C) them have been placed (D) on the list of historic landmarks. No error (E)
25. As (A) their brains mature neurologically , (B) infants become more capable to distinguish (C) the shapes and textures of the objects around them (D). No error (E)
26. Home of (A) the world's largest chocolate-manufacturing 'plant, Hershey, Pennsylvania, was originally known as (B) Derry Church, but its name was changed in 1906 to honor (C) one of their (D) most famous residents. No error (E)
27. The valuable stringed instruments in (A) this display, all more than (B) 300 years old, were carefully crafted by artisans famous (C) in their day but long since (D) forgotten. No error (E)
28. The regularly scheduled (A) conference between my tutor and me (B) is (C) set for Friday, but my low grades in chemistry requires (D) me to arrange an earlier meeting. No error (E)
29. There is (A) probably no (B) story more dramatic (C) than baseball's (D) great hitter and right fielder, Hank Aaron. No error (E)
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.
(1) A castle is not the same thing as a palace, though some people use the terms "castle" and "palace" interchangeably. (2) Castles are fortified dwellings, built by feudal lords of the Middle Ages. (3) Their stone walls, moats, iron gates, and drawbridges were designed to ward off marauding plunderers and hostile armies. (4) Small windows in castle walls allowed archers to shoot at intruders from positions of comparative safety. (5) But even welcomed guests would have found castles less than inviting. (6) In royal palaces there were to be found many comforts that medieval castles did not offer. (7) These had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters instead.
(8) Though castles were made obsolete by the invention of the cannon in the fourteenth century, many survive to the present day as fascinating relics of a bygone era. (9) These structures, which were designed to keep people at a distance, now attract visitors from all over the world. (10) There are scores of medieval castles located throughout Europe. (11) Some, like Eilean Donan Castle and the Chateau de Chambonneau, are well-maintained tourist attractions. (12) In one Welsh village, the decaying remnants of a castle sit beside cozy brick houses on an ordinary street.
30. Of the following, which would most improve the firstparagraph (sentences 1-7) ?
(A) Providing a brief summary of medieval history
(B) Tracing the origin of the word "castle"
(C) Explaining more fully what a palace is
(D) Placing sentence 7 immediately after sentence 1
(E) Deleting sentence 3
31. Which of the following sentences, if inserted immediately after sentence 3, would most effectively link sentences 3 and 4?
(A) These walls were built by laborers known as "serfs."
(B) Drawbridges had been in use since ancient times.
(C) Those who defied such obstacles did so at their peril.
(D) Under feudalism, all land was considered property of the king.
(E) Still, not all visitors came with hostile intentions.
32. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below) ?
In royal palaces there were to be found many comforts that medieval castles did not offer. These had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters instead.
(A) Because medieval castles had dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters, royal palaces offered many more comforts than could be found there.
(B) Lacking many comforts compared to royal palaces, medieval castles instead offered dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters,
(C) While medieval castles offered only dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters, many comforts were to be found in royal palaces.
(D) Unlike medieval castles, royal palaces offered many comforts not found in dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters.
(E) With their dark dungeons and damp, drafty living quarters, medieval castles offered few of the comforts to be found in royal palaces.
33. Which of the following would most appropriately be inserted at the beginning of sentence 9 ?
(A) Actually,
(B) Basically,
(C) Ironically,
(D) By contrast,
(E) In retrospect,
34. Which of the following sentences would best be inserted between sentences 11 and 12?
(A) But not all castles can be considered obsolete.
(B) Elsewhere, the environment may be a factor.
(C) However, many travelers prefer to avoid such "tourist traps."
(D) Others crumble away in relative obscurity.
(E) Besides, appearances are often misleading.
35. Which of4he following sentences ?vOuid most effectively be placed after sentence 12 ?
(A) In the final analysis, palaces are actually little more than luxurious castles.
(B) There, medieval austerity stands in bold relief against a background of modern comfort.
(C) The decline of the castle's importance as an architectural form coincided with the transformation of medieval society.
(D) In the United States, imposing structures like Hearst's Castle are not really castles in the strictest sense of the word.
(E) Eilean Donan Castle was named for a 7th-century saint who lived as a hermit in the Scottish Highlands.
Section 10
1. There is many challenges associated with starting one’s own business.
(A) is many challenges associated
(B) is many challenges to associate
(C) is many challenges associating
(D) are many challenges associated
(E) are many challenges which associate
2. The watercolors it has on display by the museum represent the era when Japan’s emergence from feudalism and isolation inspired its artists to explore new themes and techniques.
(A) it has on display by the museum represent the era when
(B) that is, the museum, is displaying represents the era of
(C) on display at the museum represent the era when
(D) displayed at the museum representing the era when
(E) being displayed at the museum represents the era while
3. The origins of the Teapot Dome scandal can be traced to the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
(A) can be traced to the presidency of
(B) can be traced to the presidencies of
(C)happened in the presidency of
(D) happening during the presidencies of
(E) that happened in the presidency of
4. When Sheila and Lucy visited the restaurant, she noticed that the menu had changed and that their favorite dish no longer offered.
(A) she noticed that the menu had changed
(B) she notices that the menu has changed
(C) Sheila has noticed the menu changed
(D) Sheila had noticed the menu changing
(E) Sheila noticed that the menu had changed
5. Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks.
(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that
(B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that
(C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens
(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that
(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it
6. The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school budget to where no one on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task.
(A) budget to where
(B) budget, therefore
(C) budget, even
(D) budget as
(E) budget that
7. The shift from traditional to cosmetic dentistry is because adults are getting fewer cavities and becoming more vain.
(A) is because adults are getting fewer cavities and becoming
(B) is because of adults getting fewer cavities and their becoming
(C) is caused from adults getting fewer cavities and in addition become
(D) is occurring because adults are getting fewer cavities and becoming
(E) occurs because of adults getting fewer cavities and become
8. If asked to name a musical group with broad and lasting appeal, the Beatles would be the choice for many, no matter what kinds of music are actually preferred.
(A) the Beatles would be the choice for many, no matter what kinds of music are actually preferred
(B) the Beatles will be chosen by many people, no matter what kinds of music they actually prefer
(C) the choice for many people, whatever kinds of music they actually prefer, would be the Beatles
(D) many, who actually preferred different kinds of music, choose the Beatles
(E) many people, no matter what kinds of music they actually prefer, would choose the Beatles
9. In 1972, to reduce pollution in the Great Lakes, limits having been set by the United States and Canada on the amount of phosphorus that could be discharged into Lakes Erie and Ontario.
(A) limits having been set by the United States and Canada
(B) limits set by the United States and Canada
(C) limits have been set by the United States and Canada
(D) the United States and Canada have set limits
(E) the United States and Canada set limits
10. Ruben Blades, already certified as a lawyer in his native country of Panama, supported himself by singing salsa while pursuing an advanced degree in international law at Harvard University.
(A) Blades, already certified as a lawyer
(B) Blades, already being a certified lawyer
(C) Blades, already certified for being a lawyer
(D) Blades was already certified as a lawyer
(E) Blades is certified as a lawyer already
11. The newspaper business in the United States faces a challenge, being that it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money.
(A) challenge, being that it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money
(B) challenge of it reconciling the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money
(C) challenge; as such it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money
(D) challenge because it must reconcile the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money
(E) challenge; since it has the high-minded goal of informing readers with the commercial one of making money being reconciled
12. All species of sea turtles are endangered because of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats.
(A) of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats
(B) of the adults being overharvested, their eggs disturbed, and destroying nesting habitats
(C) the overharvesting of adults, disturbance of their eggs, and destruction of nesting habitats
(D) the adults are overharvested, their eggs are disturbed, and their nesting habitats are destroyed
(E) being overharvested as adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of nesting habitats
13. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.
(A) exercise contributes
(B) exercise, they contribute
(C) exercise contribute
(D )exercise, contributing
(E) exercise has been contributing
14. Acquaintances of Alexia have commented that he is at once annoying because of his unpredictability but his imagination is still a delight.
(A) but his imagination is still a delight
(B) although he is delightfully imaginative
(C) and he is delightful in his imagination too
(D) while being imaginative and they are delighted
(E) and delightful because of his imagination
