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Write an essay in which you explain how Jimmy Carter builds an argument to persuade his audience that the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge should not be developed for industry. In your essay, analyze how Carter uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Carter’s claims, but rather explain how Carter builds an argument to persuade his audience.
SAT写作满分范文：
In “Forward to Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Seasons of Life and Land”, former President Jimmy Carter voices his strong opposition against using the Refuge for industrial purposes, oil exploration to be more specific. His argument’s power and persuasiveness mainly rests on his manifest logic and superior skills of diction.
Instead of highlighting the harms oil drilling can bring to the Arctic, Mr. Carter focuses the reader on the natural beauties of the landscape that he is resolved to safeguard. The essay starts with a brief yet vivid narration of the National Wildlife Refuge and depicts it as a kingdom for animals “where polar bears and caribou give birth, to the towering Brooks Range where Dall sheep cling to cliffs and wolves howl in the midnight sun”. In this way, the readers’ imagination is ignited and curiosity aroused. Closely following is a more intriguing account of his personal experience and firsthand encounter of the wonderful land when he tells not only about the diversified fauna but the vast range of flora, such as wildflowers, mosses and the lichens. He even has the good fortune of witnessing the grand migration of millions of caribou with their calves, which, as Jimmy puts it, is not only “the most unforgettable and humbling experiences” but also was a “onceOinOaOlifetime wildlife spectacle”.
After such ample foreshadowing is laid, Mr. Carter goes on to unveil his thesis: he would be “saddened to think of the tragedy that might occur if this great wilderness was consumed” by oil industry which “ would forever destroy the wilderness character of America’s only Arctic Refuge and disturb countless numbers of animals that depend on this northernmost terrestrial ecosystem”. The argument is short yet assertive, and few would defy this point. Then he refers to history to further back his standpoint. “The extraordinary wilderness and wildlife values of the Arctic Refuge have long been recognized by both Republican and Democratic presidents”, and support is not confined within the circle of statesmen but is from the general public, the American people, and even the aboriginal“Gwich’ in Athabascan Indians of Alaska and Canada” whose culture grows out of this particular landscape play a part in making their voice heard.
Mr. Carter does not stop here; he is much wiser. To make the argument more convincing, he needs another element: counterargumentsOOthe benefits of developing oil industry in the region, which he identifies as “shortOterm economic gains” and “At best, the Arctic Refuge might provide 1 to 2 percent of the oil our country consumes each day.” The reward is too minor to put so much at stake. And to solve the problem of oil shortage, he proposes that people use resources more wisely and drive more fuelOefficient cars.
At the end of the essay, President Carter summarizes his point and reiterates the invaluable benefits of preserving the Arctic Wildlife Refuge: in doing so, people are saving not only the “ national heritage, a remnant of frontier America” but are saving and endowing the greatest gift for future generations and is thus “a grand triumph for America”.
Besides the easyOtoOfollow philosophy behind the aboveOmentioned parts, Jimmy Carter’s mastery of diction contributes enormously to the persuasiveness of the argument as well. Long sentences prevail in this essay which means that much weight is carried in each sentence. Complicated structures lend the writer much convenience in putting in more information and adjectives to reinforce his viewpoint. For instance, when describing the beautiful scenery of the Refuge, picturesque modifiers such as “towering Brooks Range”, “brilliant mosaic of wildflowers”, “a timeless quality”, “neverOsetting sun”, “those shaggy survivors”.
The poetic beauty of the language is also made possible by the use of onomatopoetic words, which is extremely powerful in describing wild animals, such as the “wolves howl in the midnight sun”, and the tundra became flooded with life “ with the sounds of grunting animals and clicking hooves filling the air”.
